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SCHOENMACKER, G.
H., Groenman, A. P. , Sokolova, E., Oosterlaan, J.,
Rommelse, N., Roeyers, H., Oades, R . D., Faraone,
S. V., Franke, B., Heskes, T., Arias Vasquez, A., Buitelaar, J. K.,
Role of conduct problems in the relation between
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance use, and gaming.
2018 European Neuropsychopharmacology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.06.003.
Abstract
Known comorbidities for ADHD include conduct problems, substance use
disorder & gaming.
-- Comorbidity with conduct problems may increase the risk for substance
use disorder & gaming in ADHD patients.
-- The aim of the study was to build a causal model of the relationships
between ADHD & comorbid conduct problems, & alcohol, nicotine,
& other substance use, & gaming habits, while accounting for
age & gender.
0/ We used a state-of-the-art causal discovery
algorithm to analyze a case-only sample of
362 ADHD-diagnosed persons aged 12-24 ys.
1/ We find that conduct problem severity
mediates between ADHD severity & nicotine use, but not
with more severe alcohol or substance
use.
2/ More severe ADHD-inattentive symptoms
lead to more severe gaming habits.
3/ Furthermore, our model suggests that
ADHD severity has no influence on severity of alcohol or other drug
use.
a) Our findings suggest that ADHD severity
is a risk factor for nicotine use, & that this effect is fully mediated
by conduct problem severity.
b) Finally, ADHD-inattentive severity
was a risk factor for gaming, suggesting that gaming dependence has
a different causal pathway than substance dependence & should be
treated differently.
c) By identifying these intervention points,
our model can aid both researchers & clinicians.
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